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Контрольна робота 7Дата публикации: 14.03.2017 21:16
Контрольна робота 7 Варіант 1Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 translate in writing). TYPES OF BUSINESS 1. The simplest form of business is the individual proprietorship or sole trader: for example, a shop (US = store) or a taxi owned by a single person. If several individuals wish to go into business together they can form a partnership; partners generally contribute equal capital, have equal authority in management, and share profits or losses. In many countries, lawyers, doctors and accountants are not allowed to form companies, but only partnerships with unlimited liability for debts — which should make them act responsibly. 2. But a partnership is not a legal entity separate from its owners; like sole traders, partners have unlimited liability: in the case of bankruptcy, a partner with a personal fortune can lose it all. Consequently, the majority of businesses are limited companies (US = corporations), in which investors are only liable for the amount of capital they have invested. If a limited company goes bankrupt, its assets are sold (liquidated) to pay the debts; if the assets do not cover the debts, they remain unpaid (i.e. creditors do not get their money back.) 3. InBritain, most smaller enterprises are private limited companies which cannot offer shares to the public; their owners can only raise capital from friends or from banks and other venture capital institutions. A successful, growing British business can apply to the Stock Exchange to become a public limited company; if accepted, it can publish a prospectus and offer its shares for sale on the open stock market. In America, there is no legal distinction between private and public limited corporations, but the equivalent of a public limited company is one registered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. FOUNDING A COMPANY 4. Founders of companies have to write a Memorandum of Association (in the US, a Certificate of Incorporation), which states the company's name, purpose, registered office or premises and authorized share capital. 5. Premises (always with an s at the end) - is the technical term for the place in which a company does its business: an office, a shop, a workshop, a factory, a warehouse, etc. Authorized share capital means the maximum amount of a particular type of share the company can issue. 6. Founders also write Articles of Association (US = Bylaws), which set out the rights and duties of directors and different classes of shareholders. Companies' memoranda and articles of association, and annual financial statements are sent to the registrar of companies, where they may be inspected by the public.
Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.
Exercise 4. Complete these with there or it and part of the verb (be). 1. …………… too late; ……………… nothing we can do about it now. 2 …………….. not my fault. ………………… proper ways to do things and you didn't follow the procedure. 3 ……………… problems when the news gets out. …………….. not the right way to introduce an important change in the way we work. 4 ………………. time to go. If we leave now, …………..time to call in at Head Office on the way to the airport. 5 ……………… a vacancy in the Accounts Department. ……………… for someone to control the accounts of the dozen or so major clients. 6 ………………a nuisance but ………………… nothing we can do from our end. We'll just have to wait. 7. ……………… gate 57, but ………………. still time for the duty free shop! 8 …………… problems with the fax machine which we need to get fixed and …..…….urgent. > Right, I'll ring straightaway. ……………….. no time like the present. 9. We've run out of headed paper. - I think ……………. a couple of boxes in the stationery cupboard. 10 ……………… been a big change in the exchange rate. …………….. now nearly 3DM to the pound. 11 ………………only a couple of days before the deadline, so ………… a top priority'. 12. …………….. no point in worrying about it. ………….. too late.
Exercise 5. Read the sentences below. Decide which of the following uses of will / 'll best fits each sentence. a. an opinion about the future b. a promise or undertaking c. a request 1. Do you think sales will improve next month? 2. I'll phone you again tomorrow. 3. Will you ring me again and give me the details? 4. It looks as if the shipment will be late again this month. 5. It's OK. I'll do it later. 6. I don't think this plan will work. 7. Just sign these letters for me, will yon? 8. What do vim think will happen next month? 9. I'll finish it by tomorrow morning. 10. I'll try and bring the documentation tomorrow.
Exercise 6. Rewrite these sentences containing will in the correct order. If the sentence is a promise or undertaking, you need to use ‘ll, rather than will. 1. you will cost know how do much it? …………………………………………………………… 2. think contract they when do will sign you the? ………………………………………………… 3. details you fax soon back the with we as possible as will ……………………………………… 4. phone I and tomorrow again try will …………………………………………………………… 5. you plan do be think the when will ready draft? ……………………………………………… 6. take the long it finish to project will how? …………………………………………………….. 7. further send later you I details will ……………………………………………………………. 8. confirm possible please soon you will this as as? ………………………………………………
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
Варіант 2Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 translate in writing).
HOW TO ENTER FOREIGN MARKETS 1. All of the means for supplying foreign markets may be subsumed in just two activities: (1) exporting to a foreign market or (2) manufacturing in it. 2. Exporting Most firms began their involvement in overseas business by exporting — that is, selling some of their regular production overseas. This method requires little investment and is relatively free of risks. It is an excellent means of getting a feel for international business without committing any great amount of human or financial resources. If management does decide to export, it must choose between direct and indirect exporting. 3. Indirect exporting (The exporting of goods and services through various types of home-based exporters) is simpler than direct exporting because it requires neither special expertise nor large cash outlays. Exporters based in their home country will do the work. Management merely follows instructions. Among the exporters available are (1) manufacturers' export agents, who sell for the manufacturer; (2) export commission agents, who buy for their overseas customers; (3) export merchants, who purchase and sell for their own account; and (4) international firms, which use the goods overseas (e.g. mining, construction, and petroleum companies). 4. Indirect exporters, however, pay a price for such service: (1) they will pay a commission to the first three kinds of exporters; (2) foreign business can be lost if exporters decide to change their sources of supply; and (3) firms gain little experience from these transactions. This is why many companies that begin in this manner generally change to direct exporting. 5. A company may move directly to foreign production for a number of reasons, all of which are linked to the desire to either increase profits and sales or protect them from being eroded by competition.
Foreign Manufacturing When management does decide to become involved in foreign manufacturing, it generally has six distinct alternatives available, though not all of them may be feasible in a particular country. These are: 1. Wholly owned subsidiary. 2. Joint venture. 3. Licensing agreement. 4. Franchising. 5. Contract manufacturing. 6. Management contract. (It is utilized by both manufacturing and service companies to earn income by providing management expertise for a fee).
Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.
Exercise 4. Choose the correct alternative in each of the following sentences: 1. We would he grateful for your advice/advices on this matter. 2. Thank you for the information/informations concerning the schedule. 3. Could you supply the usual bank and trade reference/references? 4. Please accept our sincere apology/apologies for the delay. 5. We have excellent storage facility/facilities. 6. 'The annual account/accounts must be submitted not later than January 31st. 7. We close our book/books for the financial year on June 30. 8. We won't make a profit, but at least it will make a contribution to overhead/overheads. 9. I understand they are in debt/debts at the moment. 10. Let us have a note of your expense/expenses as soon as you get back. 11. We have no knowledge/knowledges of the proposal to increase import duty. 12. We have made substantial progress/progresses since we last spoke to you.
Exercise 5. Read the sentences below. Decide which of the following uses of would best fits each sentence: a. past habit b. refusal o. hypothetical or conditional situation d. polite request or offer e. past form of will - especially in reported speech 1. We would be very happy to send you further information. ………………………………… 2. He would often spend the entire weekend at the office. ………………………………… 3. Would you let us know your decision аt your earliest convenience? ………………………………… 4. In that situation we wouldn't be able to hold the price down. ………………………………… 5. She said she would phone again tomorrow. ………………………………… 6. Occasionally he would work late into the night. ………………………………… 7. Would you fill in this form, please? ………………………………… 8. Life would be much easier if we had better equipment. ………………………………… 9. I'm afraid they wouldn't agree to our terms. ………………………………… 10. They told us they would let us know soon. ………………………………… 11. Would you like some more coffee? ………………………………… 12. The problem was that they wouldn't accept any changes to the contract. ………………………………
Exercise 6. Rewrite the following sentences. They are the words of a negotiator reporting what happened at a meeting: 1. agree I'm they price the increase wouldn't afraid to …………………………………………………… 2. the renegotiate they they to contract said would prefer ……………………………………………….. 3. would better a also be new us agreement for ………………………………………………………….. 4. chance it terms give would the to us negotiate new ………………………………………………….. 5. insert able we be to a penulty would clause …………………………………………………………..
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
Варіант 3Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 2 and 3 translate in writing).
METHODS OF RECRUITMENT JOB CANDIDATES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
There are two basic types of employment agency: firstly, those operated by the government, and secondly, privately owned agencies. Within the first category there are Job Centres, and Professional and Executive Recruitment. Here applicants can be selected from nationwide sources with convenient, local availability of computer-based data. As the organisations are state-operated, they are socially responsible and secure, and can produce applicants very quickly. These public agencies are a major source of hourly-paid, blue-collar workers. Commercial employment agencies are active in filling vacancies within certain sectors or for certain jobs, e.g. secretaries in London. For the employer, one of the attractions is the ease of using the service. Another is that the agency can be used to fill temporary posts at short notice. However, one drawback is that these agencies may produce staff that is likely to stay only for a short time.
Internal advertising While recruiting often brings to mind employment agencies and classified ads, current employees are often the largest source of recruits. Filling vacant positions with inside candidates has several benefits. Employees see that competence is rewarded, and morale and performance may thus be enhanced. It may also be safer to promote employees from within since the organisation is more likely to have a more accurate assessment of the person’s skills than it would otherwise. Inside candidates also require a shorter induction period than outsiders. Finally, speed and cost are also significant advantages. Yet promotion from within can also misfire. Employees who apply for jobs and don’t get them may become discontented; informing unsuccessful candidates as to why they were rejected and what remedial action they might take to be more successful in the future is thus essential. A second disadvantage is that internal recruitment places a limit on the number of candidates and may not give a true picture of the wider competition from outside.
External advertising is another good source for attracting candidates, but, for job ads to bring results, there are two issues to address: the media to be used, and the construction of the ad. The selection of the best medium – be it the local paper, a nation daily or a technical journal – depends on the types of positions to be filled. The local newspaper is usually the best source of blue-collar jobs, clerical employees, and lower-level administrative employees. The advantage of this medium is that the job ads are more likely to be read by those seeking local employment, and therefore the ad should land in the right hands. The drawback of using the local press is that it tends not to be read by professional and technical people seeking vacancies. For specialized employees, advertisements can be placed in trade and professional journals. These reach a specific population with a minimum waste and a minimum standard of application can be guaranteed. However, one drawback to advertising in this type of trade paper is the relatively infrequent publication which may require advertising copy six weeks before appearance of ad. National press offers another way of targeting middle and senior management personnel. One significant advantage of using national papers is that they reach large numbers of readers. In addition, research has shown that some national newspapers are the accepted medium for search by those seeking particular posts.
Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.
Exercise 4. Complete the following with one of these words plus don't or do not. miss obstruct use enter delay forget(x2) worry mention expect 1 ……………………. the meeting tomorrow. It starts at 8.30. 2 ……………………...- write today and receive a free gift if your reply is received by June 30. 3 ……………………… to include a stamped addressed envelope with your reply. 4 ……………………..the delay unless they actually ask about it. 5 …………………….. these gates. Access needed at all times. 6 ……………………...to get an order today - they always send their orders two or three days later by fax. 7 ………………………. the chance of a free holiday - act today ! 8 ………………………. without protective clothing. 9 ………………………… in the event of fire. 10 ………………………., it's only ten to. We'll be there with time to spare.
Exercise 5. Match the verbs used with their meanings. Make sure you know the equivalent in your own language. 1. to get (a message) across a. to avoid 2. to get at b. to meet each other 3. to get back to (someone) c. to recover from 4. to get by d. to telephone later 5. to get down to (business) e. to communicate 6. to get on with someone f. to co-exist / co-operate successfully 7. to get over g. to get a telephone connection 8. to get round (regulations etc) h. to begin serious work / discussion 9. to get through i. to mean (see Note below) 10. to get together j. to survive
Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences using the phrasal verb to get and the following words: across through on with by back to down to together round over at 1. She is very easy to get ……………………. . She is open, friendly and easy-going. 2. It is extremely important that we get this message ……………………. clearly. There must be no misunderstandings whatsoever. 3. It will probably take a very long time for the company to get ……………………. its current difficulties. The recovery might not take place until next year. 4. Right, ladies and gentlemen. It's time to start. Let's get ……………………. business. 5. I tried calling our office in Geneva several times, but I couldn't get ……………………. . 6. I'm very sorry. I don't have that information to hand at the moment. I'll get ……………………. you later, if I may. 7. Sometimes it is very difficult to get ……………………. customs regulations in certain countries. 8. Right, we will need to get ……………………. again next week to discuss the contract in more detail. 9. I'm sorry, I don't understand. What exactly are you getting …………………….? 10. In these recessionary times, many small businesses are finding it very difficult to get …………… .
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
Варіант 4Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 translate in writing). THE JOB INTERVIEW 1. A job interview is your chance to show an employer what kind of employee he or she will get if you're hired. That is why it is essential to be well prepared for the job interview. Preparing means knowing about the industry, the employer, and yourself. It means paying attention to details like personal appearance, punctuality, and demeanor. Knowledge is always your best weapon and so you should arm yourself with plenty of it. That starts with the very basic bit of knowledge regarding job interviews. Before you research the industry and the company and even before you practice answering the questions you might be asked, you should have some general information about job interviews. Let's start by going over the different types of interviews you might face.
TYPES OF JOB INTERVIEWS
2. The Screening Interview Your first interview with a particular employer will often be the screening interview. This is usually an interview with someone in human resources. It may take place in person or on the telephone. He or she will have a copy of your resume in hand and will try to verify the information on it. The human resources representative will want to find out if you meet the minimum qualifications for the job and, if you do, you will be passed on to the next step.
3. The Selection Interview The selection interview is the step in the process which makes people the most anxious. The employer knows you are qualified to do the job. While you may have the skills to perform the tasks that are required by the job in question, the employer needs to know if you have the personality necessary to "fit in." Someone who can't interact well with management and co-workers may disrupt the functioning of an entire department. This ultimately can affect the company's bottom line. Many experts feel that this can be determined within the first several minutes of the interview. However, more than one person being interviewed for a single opening may appear to fit in. Often, job candidates are invited back for several interviews with different people before a final decision is made.
4. The Group Interview In the group interview, several job candidates are questioned at once. Since any group naturally stratifies into leaders and followers, the interviewer can easily find out into which category each candidate falls. In addition to determining whether you are a leader or a follower, the interviewer can also learn whether you are a "team player." You should do nothing other than act naturally. Acting like a leader if you are not one may get you a job that is inappropriate for you.
5. The Panel Interview In a panel interview, the candidate is interviewed by several people at once. Although it can be quite intimidating, you should try to remain calm. Try to establish rapport with each member of the panel. Make eye contact with each one as you answer his or her question.
6. The Stress Interview The stress interview is not a very nice way to be introduced to the company that may end up being your future employer. It is, however, a technique employers sometimes use to weed out candidates who cannot handle adversity. The interviewer may try to artificially introduce stress into the interview by asking questions so quickly that the candidate doesn't have time to answer each one. Another interviewer trying to introduce stress may respond to a candidate's answers with silence. The interviewer may also ask weird questions, not to determine what the job candidate answers, but how he or she answers.
According to Interviewing by The National Business Employment Weekly (John Wiley and Sons, 1994), the job candidate should first "recognize that you're in the situation. Once you realize what's happening, it's much easier to stay calm because you can mentally re-frame the situation. Then you have two choices: Play along or refuse to be treated so poorly." If you do play along, the book recommends later finding out if the reason for conducting a stress interview is legitimate. That will determine if this is a company for whom you want to work.
Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.
Exercise 4. Choose the correct alternative in each of the following sentences. Job search: Where to look. Most jobs are advertised as current (position / vacancies / application). They appear in the local and national (press / bodies / resources), trade (contacts / journals / resource), and specialist career publications. In addition, many professional (bodies / contacts / agencies) offer an appointments service which can help job seekers find a suitable (position / application / vacancies) in a particular (industry / ladder / schemes). Recruitment (bodies / contacts / agencies) hold details of a wide range of vacancies, and possibly local training (industry / ladder / schemes). The Internet is a valuable (press / journals / resource) - not only for vacancies but to find background information on companies. Approximately one third of jobs are never advertised, but may be found by approaching a company directly. This is called a speculative (position / vacancies / application), and is common among students starting at the bottom of the career (industry / ladder / schemes). Finally, don't forget to use your personal (bodies / contacts / agencies)!
Exercise 5. Put the appropriate part of Do or Make in the following:
Exercise 6. Complete the sentences below using the present perfect of one of these verbs: miss come out mislay run out of arrive jam forget change 1. I ………………. the price list you sent me. 2. The photocopier ………………. again. 3. I don't think the post ………………. yet, has it? 4. These copies ………………. very well. 5. I'm sorry. I ………………. to bring the report. 6. I think I ………………. the last train home. 7. They ………………. their fax number, I think. 8. We ………………. photocopy paper.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
Варіант 5Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 1 and 2 translate in writing). PREPARING FOR THE JOB INTERVIEW 1. Dressing For a Job Interview Appearance counts whether we like it or not. It's the first thing people notice about us. That is why how you dress for a job interview is so important. You don't want your appearance to take away from your performance or from what you can bring to the job. Dress appropriately for your line of work. If those working in your field wear suits, then that is what you should wear to a job interview. Even if the typical work attire is slightly less casual than that, you should still wear a suit for the interview. However, if very casual dress, for example jeans, is the norm, wearing a suit will make you seem out of place. Still, you should get a little more dressed up and wear something nicer than what you would wear for a day at work. Still unsure about what to wear? Stake out the employer's front entrance a few days before your interview to see what people are wearing to work. Good grooming is essential. Your hair should be neat and stylish. Your nails should be well manicured and clean. Men's nails should be short. Women's nails should be of a reasonable length and polished in a neutral color. Women shouldn't be heavily made up. Avoid perfume or cologne since people find certain scents offensive.
2. Establish Rapport on a Job Interview Your resume tells a prospective employer about the skills you will bring to his or her company. You obviously have those skills or you wouldn't be going on the job interview. Now the interviewer must make sure you are a good fit for the job. Will your personality mesh well with his or her other employers? Will he or she like working with you? You obviously want the interviewer to relate well to you. You must establish rapport with him or her (or they, if it is a panel interview). Doing that begins the instant you walk in the door. Let the interviewer set the tone. For example, wait for him or her to extend his hand for a handshake, but be ready to offer your hand immediately. Some experts suggest talking at the same rate and tone as the interviewer. For example, if the interviewer is speaking softly, so should you.
3. Body Language Body language gives more away about you than what you say. Making eye contact is very important but make sure it looks natural. A smiling, relaxed face is very inviting. Hands resting casually in your lap rather than arms folded across your chest also is more inviting. If you normally move your hands around a lot when you speak, tone it down some. You don't want to look too stiff, but you don't want to look like you're a bundle of nervous energy.
4. Answering Interview Questions When answering questions, speak slowly and clearly. Pause slightly before you answer a question. Your answers will seem less rehearsed and it will give you a chance to collect your thoughts. Keep in mind that a very brief pause may seem like an eternity to you. It's not. Prepare answers to some basic questions. Use the list of attributes you put together earlier. There are several books on the market that list questions and sample answers.
5. Asking Questions When he or she is finishing questioning you, the interviewer will probably ask if you have any questions. You should have some ready. As in every other aspect of the job search, you want to demonstrate how you can fill the employer's needs. Ask about a typical day on the job or special projects you would be involved in. Also ask questions that will help you learn more about the employer and will let the interviewer know you are interested in working there. Use what you learned about the company through your research as a stepping off point. Don't ask about salary, benefits, or vacations, as those all imply "what will you, the employer, do for me?"
Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.
Exercise 4. We often express a negative idea by using not very + (positive equivalent): The results were bad. - The results weren't very good.
Change these in the same way: 1. Their machinery is old-fashioned. ……………………………………. 2. Their order processing is slow. ……………………………………. 3. The catalogue is very dull. ……………………………………. 4. We got rather a cool reception. ……………………………………. 5. We are dissatisfied with the service we have received so far. ……………………………………. 6. We're unhappy with some of the terms of the proposed agreement. …………………………………….
You will need to change these in a similar, but not exactly the same, way: 7. We made very little money on the deal. ……………………………………. 8. He takes no interest in what we do. ……………………………………. 9. There's no alternative, (many other options) ……………………………………. 10. There's nothing we can do about it. …………………………………….
Exercise 5. All of the words in the list below are among the most common 200 words in English. Use them to complete the sentences: little work make must same another each again without sort though kind right place against 1. 1 don't think he's the right ………………… of person for this company. 2. He has some good points, ………………… . 3. In the first place, he has done this kind of ………………… before. 4. In fact, he did almost the ………………… job when he was in America. 5. And, don't forget he ………………… be used to the kind of market we deal with. 6. ………………… point in his favour is that he speaks several languages fluently. 7. He might be able to ………………… a useful contribution to our sales team. 8. On the other hand, ………………… of the other candidates has something going for him. 9. They all have the right ………………… of qualifications. 10. He is the only one ………………… direct experience of managing a sales team. 11. Having said that, he has relatively ………………… experience in managing a budget. 12. I think we will need to see each of the candidates individually ………………… . 13. They all have points in their favour and points ………………… . 14. The thing is, we must have the right person in ………………… very soon. 15. Let's hope we make the………………… decision.
Exercise 6. A good way to present a different view in a pleasant way is to say: NOT June would be better BUT Wouldn't June be better? It's too early. Isn't it too early? Now change these in a similar way: 1. We could wait for a few weeks. ……………………………………………….. 2. It'd be better to decide immediately. ……………………………………………….. 3. We could both take our cars. ……………………………………………….. 4. We really should consult the others. ……………………………………………….. 5. July would be too late. ……………………………………………….. 6. We promised, so we should reply today. ……………………………………………….. 7. It'll be quicker to e-mail them. ……………………………………………….. N. We've got to increase our offer. ……………………………………………….. 9. We could share costs with them. ……………………………………………….. 10. They are expecting an answer by 5 o'clock. ………………………………………………..
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
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