МВС УКРАЇНИ

ОДЕСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ВНУТРІШНІХ СПРАВ

Кафедра іноземних мов

 

 

ЗАТВЕРДЖУЮ Завідувач кафедри  іноземних мов О.М. Мітіна   «____» _____________ 2014 р.

 

 

 

                                                                    

ТЕМАТИКА ДОМАШНІХ КОНТРОЛЬНИХ РОБІТ ТА МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ ЩОДО ЇХ ВИКОНАННЯ

З НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ

Іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням

(Англійська)

 

 

Напрям підготовки:   6.030401 «Правознавство»

Форма навчання:         заочна

Інститут, факультет:

Начально-науковий інститут заочного та дистанційного навчання

 

 

 

                                                                    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Одеса - 2014 рік

Тематика домашніх контрольних робіт та методичні вказівки щодо їх виконання з навчальної дисципліни «Іноземна мова  за професійним спрямуванням (англійська)» за напрямом підготовки 6.030401 «Правознавство».

 

 

«____» _____________ 2014 р.

 

      

Розробник:  Завідувач кафедри іноземних мов О.М.Мітіна

 

Тематика домашніх контрольних робіт та методичні вказівки щодо їх виконання затверджені на засіданні кафедри іноземних мов

__________________________________________________________________

 

Протокол від  «23» січня  2014 року № 6.

 

Завідувач кафедри  іноземних мов

 

                                                                      ____________________ О. М. Мітіна

                                                                                        (підпис)                                                          

«____» _____________ 2014 р.

 

Схвалено науково-методичною радою Одеського державного університету внутрішніх справ.

 

Протокол від «29» серпня  2014 року № 1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

__________  2014 рік __________  2014 рік

Виконання і оформлення контрольних робіт

Слухач (студент-заочник) повинен письмово виконати дві домашні контрольні роботи. Кожна контрольна робота пропонується в десяті варіантах відповідно до списку.

Студент вибирає варіант, який відповідає першій букві його прізвища:

Варіант №1 - А-В

Варіант № 2 - Г-Є

Варіант № 3 - Ж-І

Варіант № 4 – Ї-К

Варіант № 5 – Л-М

Варіант № 6 – Н-О

Варіант № 7 – П-Р

Варіант № 8 – С-Т

Варіант № 9 – У-Ф-Х

Варіант № 10 – Ц-Я

Встановлений розподіл варіантів є обов’язковим: виконання контрольної роботи іншого варіанту, заміна окремих питань забороняється, і, якщо подібне має місце, тягне за собою негативну оцінку роботи (незалік) і необхідність виконання нової роботи за визначеною викладачем темою.

Робота має бути виконана в окремому зошиті. На обкладинці потрібно написати своє прізвище та ініціали, номер контрольної роботи, спеціальність та шифр академічної групи, свою домашню адресу та дату виконання. Матеріал контрольної роботи потрібно розміщати в зошиті таким чином:

 

 

Ліва сторінка                                                                Права сторінка

 

 

Поля                     Англійський текст                                    Переклад

Поля

Виконані контрольні роботи надсилайте для перевірки та рецензування в інститут заздалегідь. Якщо контрольна робота виконана без додержання умов або не повністю, вона повертається до повторного виконання. Після повторного виконання магістр знову надсилає її в інститут. На одному з практичних занять під час заліково-екзаменаційної сесії він повинен захистити контрольну роботу.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Варіант №1

І. Письмово перекладіть текст

THE CRIMINAL COURT IN THE USA

The criminal court is considered by many to be the core element in the administration of criminal justice. It is the part of the system that is the most venerable, the most formally organized, and the most elaborately circumscribed by the law and tradition.

The criminal court houses the process by which the criminal responsibility of defendants accused of violating the law is determined. The court is expected to convict and sentence those found guilty of crimes while ensuring that the innocent are freed without any consequence or burden. The court system is required to seek the truth to obtain justice for the individual brought before its tribunals, and to maintain the integrity of the government's rule of law. While the criminal court should hand out fair and evenhanded justice in a forum of strict impartiality and fairness this standard of justice has not been maintained in millions of cases heard each year in the USA criminal court system.

Instead, most criminal defendants do not go trial but instead work out a deal with the prosecutor in which they agree to plead guilty as charged in return for a more lenient sentence, the dropping of charges or some other considerations. The entire criminal court process is undertaken with the recognition that the rights of the individual should protected at all times. These rights determined by federal and state constitutional mandates statutes and case law, form the foundation for individual protection of the accused. They include the right to an attorney, the right to a jury trial, the right to a speedy trial. A defendant also has the right to be given due process or to be treated with fundamental fairness. This includes the right to be present at trial, to be notified of the charge(s) to have an opportunity to confront hostile witnesses, and to have favorable witnesses appear. Such practices are an integral part of a system that seeks to balance the interests of both the individual and the state.

II. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

1)     What is the criminal court considered to be?

2)     What is the court system required to do?

3) What rights has the defendant?

ІІІ. Перепишіть дані речения в PASSIVE VOICE.

l) We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.

2)     They make progress every day in English.

3)     Nobody heard a sound.

4)     Has anybody answered your question?

IV. Складіть 4 речення з данними словами: -responsibility, -to determine, -fairness, -protection

V. Визначте в данних речениях часову форму дієслова.

1)      When they finished talking, they shook hands and went out separately.

2)      I had not yet done half the work when he came in.

3)      We understood it after the teacher had explained.

4)      He lived in Odessa when he was a child.

VI. Складіть з данних слів речения зберегаючи порядок слів.

l)\tree\knоwn\is\a\ its\ by\ fruit\

2)     \all A lose\ covert\ all\

3)     \ word\ is\ enough\ a\ the\ wise\ to\

VII. Знайдіть помилки в речениях.

1)      It is rained.

2)      Mary what is you doing?

3)      You can talk to him. He does not working.

VIII. Перекладіть речения на українську мову.

1)      Every country tries to provide laws which will help its people to live safely and as comfortable as possible.

2)      This is not at all successful in producing laws which are entirely satisfactory. But we are far better off with the imperfect laws which we have, than if we had none at all.

 

Варіант №2

І .Письмово перекладіть текст.

JURY SELECTION IN THE USA

Jurors are selected randomly in both civil and criminal cases from tax assessment, driver license, or voter registration lists within each court's jurisdiction. Advocates of more diverse jury pools contend that such lists don't often accurately reflect a state's ethnic composition. There is little uniformity in the amount of time served by forces with the term ranging from one day to months, defending on the nature of the trial. Most jurisdictions prohibit convicted felons from serving on juries as wells others exempted by statute, such as public officials medical doctors and attorneys. The initial list chosen, which is called venire or jury array provide the state with a group of potentially capable citizens able to serve on a jury. The court dark, who handles the administrative affairs of the trial randomly selects, enough names to fill the required number of places on the jury.

In most-cases, the jury in a criminal trial-consists of 12 persons, with alternative jurors standing by to serve should one of the regular jurors be unable to complete the trial. Once the prospective jurors are chosen the process of void dire (which is French for " to tell the truth") is begun, in which all persons selects are questioned by both the prosecution and the defense to determine their appropriateness, to sit on the jury . They are examined under oath by the government, the defense and sometimes the judge about their back grounds, occupations, residences and possible knowledge or interest in case.

Any prospective juror who declares he or she is unable to be impartial and render a verdict solely on the evidence to be presented at the trial may be removed by either the prosecution or the defense. Because normally no limit is placed on the number of challenges for cause that can be exercised it often takes considerable time to select a jury for controversial and highly publicized criminal acts.

II. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

1) Who can be a juror in the USA?

2) What is thee limit time to serve as a juror?

3) What is three process of voir dire?

ІІІ. Перепишіть дані речення в PASSIVE VOICE.

1)        Somebody recommended me another ship to go by.

2)        This is the third time they have written to us about it.

3)        Someone taught him English.

4)        They will allow each passenger to visit the bridge.

IV. Складіть 4 речення з данними словами.  То prohibit, trial, impartial, to render.

V. Визначте в даних реченях часову форму дiєcлoвa.

1) Everyone will observe what you are doing.

2) He has given up making any further attempt.

3) He scrutinized the accounts to some purpose

VI. Складіть з даних слів речення зберігаючи порядок.слів.

1)       \ never \ late \ than \ better \

2)       \ choosing \ is \ between \ two \ no evils \ worth \

3)       \ has \ bad \ news \ wings \

VII. Знайдіть помилки в реченнях.

1)        I was read when he came.

2)        What is you reading? 2) What are you hearing?

VIІІ.Перекладіть речення на українську мову

1)       National and local newspapers regularly print accounts of legal cases and quite often the stones they choose are ones in which the punishment does not appear to fit the crime.

2)       It is easy to read a paragraph about a criminal case and to become out geed at the sentence passed by a judge.

 

Варіант №3

I. Письмово перекладіть текст.

THE BILL OF RIGHTS - TWO HUNDRED YEARS OLD

In addition to providing protection by ensuring a separation of powers within the government, the Constitution also controls the operations of the criminal justice system. It does this by quarantining individual freedoms in the 10 amendments added to it on December 15, 1791, which are collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to prevent any future government from usurping the personal freedom of citizens.

In its original form, the Constitution contained few specific guarantees of individual rights. The Founders aware of the past abuses perpetrated by the British government, wanted to ensure that the rights of the citizens of the USA would safe in the future. The Bill of Rights was adopted only to protect individual liberties from being abused by the national government however, and did not apply to the actions of state or local officials. This oversight resulted in abuses that have been rectified only with great difficulty and even today remain the subject of court action Over the last 4 decades the US Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution has served as the basis for the creation of legal rights of the accused.

The principles that govern criminal procedure are required by the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Of primary concern are the 4-th, 5-th, 6-th and 8-th Amendments, which limit and control the manner in which the federal government operates the justice system.

In addition, the due process clause of the 14-th Amendment governmental action against the accused on a state level. Because these key amendments furnish the basis for US system of criminal procedure, they are examined carefully.

IІ. Дайте відповідь на запитання

1)        When were 10 amendments added to constitution?

2)        What was Bill of Rights adopted for?

3)        What does limit and control the manners in which the federal government operates the justice system?

IІІ. Перепешіть дат речения в PASSIVE VOICE

1)      When we first met they had already offered me a job.

2)      She showed the visitors the new picture.

3)      Someone asked a student a very difficult question.

4) We must look into the matter.

IV. Складіть речения з даними словами. То furnish; liberty; concern; to provide.

V. Bизначтe в даних реченнях часову форму дієслова.

1)       I had not understand what you were driving at.

2)       I do not consider that you have acted wisely.

3)       It is a pity that he cannot govern his temper.

4)       The dispute was not decided by the evening.

VI. Складіть з даних слів речення зберігаючи порядок слів.

1)     \ die \ better \ than \ live \ standing \ kneeling \

2)     \ slow \ to promise \ be \ to perform \ and \ quick\

3)     than \ blood \ is \ thicker \ water \

VІІ. 3найдіть помилки в речениях.

1)       I am remembering you.

2)       What do you doing now?

3)       They is not expected us now.

VIІІ. Перекладіть.

1)        Many times during the trial the lawyers may make objections to evidence presented by the other side or to questions asked by the other lawyer.

2)        Lawyers are allowed to object to these the laws of evidence. It is up to the judge to decide whether each objection was valid or invalid and whether, therefore, the evidence can be admitted or the question allowed.

 

Варіант №4

І. Письмово перекладіть текст.

CONSTITUTIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

The US Constitution has played and continues to play a critical role in the development of the criminal law used in the criminal justice system.

The forerunner of the Constitution was the articles of Confederation adopted by the Continental Congress in 1781. The Articles were found to be generally inadequate as the foundation for affective government because they did not create a proper balance of power between the states and the central government. As a result in 1787 the Congress of the Confederation adopted a resolution calling for a convention of delegates from the original states. The work of that convention culminated in the drafting of the Constitution, it was ratified by the states in 1788 and put into effect in 1789.

In its original form the Constitution consisted of a preamble and 7 articles. The Constitution divided the powers of government into 3 independent but equal parts the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.

The purpose of the separation of powers was to ensure that no single branch of the government could usurp power for itself and institute a dictatorship. The measures and procedures initiated by the framers of the Constitution have developed over time into our present form of government.

How does the Constitution with its formal set of rights and privileges affect the operations of the criminal justice system?

One way is to guarantee that no one branch of government can in and of itself determine the fate of those accused of crimes.

The working of the criminal justice process illustrate this principle. A police officer who represents the executive branch of government makes an arrest on the basis of laws passed by the legislative branch and the accused is subsequently tried by the judiciary. In this way, citizens are protected from the arbitrary abuse of power by any single element of the law.

II. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

1)When were the Articles of Confederation adopted?

2)     What was the purpose of separation of powers?

3)     What did the Constitution in its original form consist of?

IІІ. Перепешіть дані речення в PASSIVE VOICE.

1)         People speak well of my chief.

2)         They told her to be quick.

3) Someone told students to wait outside. '4) You must work for success.

IV. Складіть 4 речення з данними словами. То determine, separation, to illustrate, set.

V. Визначте в данних речениях часову форму дієслова.

1)       Не was much esteemed by all who knew him.

2)       That incident seriously damaged his reputation.

3)       I have asked to write a report on that matter.

VI. Визначте з данних слів речення зберігаючи порядок слів.

1) \ is \ calamity \ man's \ touchstone \ true\

2) \ a friend \ as \ chosen \ you \ author \ choose \ аn\

3) \ drink \ at \ pleasure \ eat \with \ measure \

VII. 3найдіть помилки в речениях.

1)        I feeling bad/

2)        What do you eating , Nick?

3) He doesn't reading now.

VІІІ. Перекладіть речення на укра1нську мову

1)       Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, 'colorations, governments and other organizations.

2)       Most often the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or company they feel is responsible for the injury.

 

Варіант №5

І. Письмово перекладіть текст.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRIMINAL

The roots of the criminal codes used in the USA can be traced back to such early legal charters as Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (2000b.c), the Mosaic Code of the Israelites (1290 b.c.) and the roman Twelve Tables. During the 6-th century, under the leadership of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, the first great codification of law in the western world was prepared.

Justinian's Corpus Jurist Civil, or body of civil law, summarized the system of Roman law that had gradually developed for over a 1000 years. Rules and regulations to ensure the safety of the state and the individual were organized into a code- and served as the- basis for future civil and criminal legal classifications.

Centuries later, the French emperor Napoleon I created the French-civil code using Justinian's code-as a model France and the other countries that have modeled- their legal- systems on French and Roman law have what are known as civil law systems.

Thus, the concept of law and crime has evolved over thousands of years. Before -*he Norman Conquest in 1066, the legal system among the early Anglo-Saxon-was decentralized. The law often varied from country to country, and there was very little written law except for those covering crimes. Crimes were viewed prior to the year 1000 as a personal - wrongs and compensation was often paid to the victim. Major violations of custom and law were violent acts, thefts and disloyalty to the lord. For certain actions, such as treason, the penalty was often death. For other crimes, such as theft, compensation could be paid to the victim, Thus, to some degree, the early criminal law sought to produce an equitable solution to both private and public disputes.

II. Дайте відповідь на запитання.

1)        What were the major violations of custom and law?

2)        When was the legal system among the early Anglo-Saxons decentralized?

3)        When was the first great codification of law prepared?

III. Перепешіть дат речения в PASSIVE VOICE.

1)        Someone has already found my umbrella

2)        They asked the rest of the team to be there-at 8 o'clock -

3)        They have made my brother a captain

IV. Cкладіть речення з даними словами. То trace, compensation, to ensure, safety.

V. Bизначтe в даних речениях часову форму дієслова.

1)        Where have you been all day long?

2)        I saw him 3 days ago.

3)        He had written a letter when I came in.

4)        She had lived in Odessa when the- disaster occurred.

VI. Складіть з даних слів речення, зберігаючи порядок слів

1)       \ drunk \ lord \ as \ a \ as

2)       \ brew \ as \ you \ must V so \ you \ drink \

3)       \ as \ sow \shall \ you \ mow \ you \

VII. Знайдіть помилки в реченнях

1)        You is always talking about her.

2)        Do you writing now?

3)        He is be silly.

VIII. Перекладіть.

1) The laws laid down by Hammurabi, a king of Babylonia, were

more extensive than any that had gone before.

2) They covered сrime, divorce and marriage, the rights of slave owners and slaves, the settlement of debts, inheritance and property contracts, there were even regulations about taxes and the prices of goods.

 

Варіант №6

1. Письмово перекладіть текст

CRIMINAL LAW AND CIVIL LAW

In modern US society law can be divеded into 2 broad categories: criminal law and civil law. All law other than criminal law is known as civil law; it includes tort law (the law governing the transfer and ownership of property) and contract law ( the law of personal agreements).

The differences between criminal law and civil law are significant, because in US legal system, criminal proceedings are completely separate from civil actions. The major objective of the criminal law is to protect the public against harm by preventing criminal offenses.

The primary concern of the civil law - in the area of private wrongs or torts. In criminal law the emphasis is on the intent of the individual committing. the crime, a civil proceeding gives primary attention to affixing the blame each party deserves for producing the damage or conflict. Despite these major differences, criminal law and civil law share certain features Both arrears o£ the law seek to control people's behavior by preventing them from acting in an undesirable manner, and both impose sanctions on those who commit violations of the law.

The payment of damages to the victim in a tort case, for example, serves some of the fine in a criminal case The criminal law sentences offenders to prison while the civil law also impose confinement on such individuals as the mentally ill, alcoholics and the mentally defective. In addition, many actions such as assault and battery, various forms of larceny and negligence are the basis for criminal as well as civil actions.

In summary, the criminal law usually applies in an action taken by the local state or federal government against an individual who has been accused of

committing a crime.

The civil law comes into play when an individual or group seeks monetary recompense for harmful actions committed by another individual or group. In the criminal law the single characteristic that distinguishes it from the civil law is punishment.

II Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту

1)       What does the civil law include?

2)       What is the major objective of the criminal law?

3)       What is the primary concern of the civil law?

ІІІ. Перепилить дані речения в PASSIVE VOICE

1) Somebody left a bag in the room

2) They gave my little sister a ticket

3)       HYPERLINK \crew members will show the visitors the new ship

4)       They promise us early arrival

IV. Складіть речения з данними словами Concern, to sentence to commit, blame

V. Визначте в даних реченнях часову форму дієслова

1)       After she had broken her promise she felt remorse

2)       What did he say, when he saw you?

3)       I told him that I had never met her before

4)       Because he had failed at the exam ha was depressed

VI Складіть речения з данних слів зберігаючи порядок

1)        cats\ grey\ all \ are \ in \ the \ night \

2)        all \ well \ ends \ is \ long \ life \ is \

3)        art \ short \ is \ that \ well \

VІ Знайдіть помилки в речениях

1)        HE is have dinner now.

2)        What is you looking for?

3)        She is wear a nice dress.

1) One of the most detailed ancient legal codes was drawn up in tab out 1758

b.c. by Hammurabi a king of Babylonia The entire code consisting of 282

paragraphs was carved into a great stone pillar which was setup in a temple

to the Babylonian god Murdock so that it could be read every citizen

2) the pillar was rediscovered by a French archeologist in 1901 amid the rums of the Persian city of Susa Hammurabi’s words were still legible. The pillar is now in the Louvre museum in Paris.

 

Варіант №7

І. Письмово перекладіть текст.

The Police in American Society

The police departments are those public agencies created to maintain order, enforce the criminal law, provide emergency services, keep traffic on streets and highways moving freely, and create a sense of community safety. The system and process of criminal justice depends on effective and efficient police work, particularly when it comes to preventing and arresting criminal offenders.

As American society becomes more complex, new functions are required of the police officers.

Today police officers work actively with the community to prevent criminal behave our ; they help to divert members of special needs populations; such as juveniles, alcoholics, and drug addicts, from the criminal just:^ system ; they participate in specialized units such as juvenile and drug prevention squad; they cooperate with public prosecutors to initiate investigations into organized crime and drug trafficking, they resolve neighborhood and family conflicts. Because of these expanded responsibilities, the role of the police officer has become more professional.

The officer must not only be technically competent to investigate crimes but also aware of the rule and procedures associated with arrest, apprehension, and investigation of criminal activity. The police role is established by the boundaries of the criminal law. Although the police officer sets the criminal justice system in motion by the authority to arrest, and this authority is vested in the law, it is neither final nor absolute. Police officers required to exercise a great deal of individual discretion in deciding whether to arrest, refer, or simply investigate a situation further. Their actions represent the exercise of discretionary justice.

ІІ. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

a)      What are the police departments?

b)     What does the system of criminal justice depend on?

c)      Why the role of the police officer has become more professional?

ІІІ. Перепешіть дані речения в Passive Voce.

a)      The ship will call at the port in June.

b)     Somebody has done it very well.

c)      They have built a light-house of stone and cement.

d)     Has somebody done all the work? 1

IV. Складіть 4 речения з даними словами

-society; - to require; - conflict; - to establish.

V. Визначте в даних речениях часову форму д1эслова.

a)     After I had mixed my colors, I started to paint the funnel.

b)     I told him that I had never done such as thing until then.

c)     I have nothing to eat and feel very hungry.

d)     As soon as he had finished his work, he looked around.

VI.Складіть з даних слів речения, зберігаючи порядок слів.

a)        /good/is/a/beginning/the/battle/half/

b)       /after / sit / a / dinner / supper / after / a mile / walk /while.

c)        /man / a / die / can / once / but /

VII. 3найдіть помилки в речениях.

a) They are haved a new furniture.

b)        My son is get ready for his final exams now.

c)        My husband was working on an invention now.

VIII. Перекладіть речения на українську мову.

a) In the USA Britain and many other English- speaking, countries, the law of Habeas Corpus guarantees that nobody can be held in prison without trial.

b) Habeas Corpus become law because of a wild party held in 1621 at the London home of a notorious by rowdy lady, Alice Robinson. When a constable appeared and asked her and her and quests to quiet down. Mrs. Robinson allegedly swore at him so violently that he arrested her and a local justice of the peace committed her to jail.

 

Варіант №8

І. Письмово перекладіть текст.

The Roles and Functions of Police in Modern Society

Individual citizens perceptions and ideas about the police are based on past experiences and social status. Our knowledge about the police, what they do, and how, they do it comes from a number of sources and quite often represents distorted or incomplete pictures about the police. These sources include television programs and news media, personal observations and experiences and reports provided by other people who have had contact with the police . The average citizen collects information about the police on a piecemeal basis , and this information is incomplete or inaccurate. The public processes and stories this information and uses it to make judgments about the police and what they do.

Generally if past experiences with the police have been negative the public will be more likely to be critical of the police and less supportive of their function in the community. The public! will also be less likely to accept positive information about the police as being accurate or factual. On the other hand if past contacts have been positive, people might tend to view the police more favorably and focus on information that presents the police in a constructive or positive manner . Citizen perceptions affect how citizens interact with police officers, and in turn how the police officers respond to various citizens. If citizens treat police officers with disdain or aloofness, then some police officers may be likely to be less respectful or less helpful. On the other hand, if there is a positive attitude on the part of the citizens police officers will more then likely respond in kind. Perceptions and attitudes are extremely important in terms of setting the stage for police-community relations and police interaction with the public.

ІІ. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

a)      Where do our knowledge about police come from?

b)     Do mass media play an important role in our perceptions and ideas?

c)      What is your attitude to police in our country?

ІІІ. Перепишіть речения в Passive Voice.

a)        She promised him a book.

b)       They told me to go away.

c)        Nobody has made any mistakes.

d)       She fell into water because somebody pushed her.

ІV.Складпъ 4 речения з даними словами :

- experience; -to interact; - factual; - perception.

V.Визначте в данних реченнях часову форму дієслова

a)        I do not see what your motives could have been.

b)       We had not decided the dispute.

c)        My feelings have been wounded by that remark.

d)       We have resided four years in this town.

VI.Складіть з данних cлів речения, зберігаючи порядок слів.

a)        /is / everything /its / in / season / good/

b)       /he that /eat / the fruit / would /must / climb / the tree /

c)        /never /lost /again / time /is /found /

VII.3найдіть помилки в реченнях.

a)        He doesn't waiting for you.

b)        I am reading tomorrow.

c)        He is feeling better.

VIII.Перекладпъ речения на українську мову.

a)        About 90 per cent of all crimes are dealt with by Magistrates' courts. Sentences vary a lot but most people who are found guilty have to pay a fine.

b)       Magistrates courts can impose fines of up to F 2000 or prison sentences of up to 6 months. If the punishment is to be more severe the case must go to a Crown Court. The most severe punishment is life imprisonment: there has been no death penalty in Britain since 1965.

 

Варіант №9

І. Письмово перекладіть текст

LOWER CRIMINAL SUPERIOR AND APPELLATE COURTSIN THE USA

The court system administering the criminal process includes lower criminal courts, superior courts and appellate courts. The lower criminal courts of any state, variously called police courts, district courts deal with the largest number of criminal offenses. They daily handle a large volume of criminal offenses, including such crimes as assault and battery , breaking and entering, possession of drugs and juvenile offenses. Where a trial is required in the lower courts, it often occurs before a judge rather than a jury, because the defendant often waives the constitutional right to a jury trial.

Lower criminal courts, although responsible for misdemeanor offenses, also process the first stage of felony offenses by holding preliminary hearings, making bail decisions and conducting trials of certain felonies where they have jurisdiction as defined by statute.

The superior courts, or major trial courts have general jurisdiction over all criminal offenses but ordinarily concentrate on felony offenses. They conduct jury trials with much formality and with strict adherence to the defendant's constitutional rights. These courts also accept guilty pleas generally give offenders longer sentences because more serious nature of their crimes , and in certain instances review sentences originally imposed by lower courts. The highest state court is a supreme, or appeals court, whose functions are similar to those of the US Supreme Court in the federal judicial system. State supreme courts are primarily appellate courts that do not conduct criminal trials.

Appellate courts deal with procedural errors arising in the lower courts, that are considered violations of right guaranteed by the state and / or the US Constitution, such as the use of illegal evidence. Questions of fact decided in the original trial are not ordinarily reviewed in the appellate process. The appellate court has the authority to affirm, modify or reverse decisions of the lower criminal court

II. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

1)       What does the court system include?

2)       What jurisdiction have the superior courts?

3)       What is the highest state court?

III. Перепишіть дані речения в PASSIVE VOICE.

1)         They sat at a large round table.

2)         I liked the novel very much.

3)         My husband spoke to his boss last week.

4) Has somebody done all the work?

IV. Складіть речення з даними словами

preliminary; guilty; to decide; to include.

V. Визначте в даних реченнях часову форму дієслова

1)        We've been helping since 5 o'clock.

2)        I was late because I had got stuck in a traffic jam.

3)        She has never had some lovely holidays.

VI. Складіть з даних слів речення зберігаючи порядок слів

1)       \ по \knows \ law \ necessity \

2)       \ to \ is \ repentance \ step \ confession \ first \ the \

3)       \ pleasures \ sweetest \ are \ stolen \

VII. Знайдіть помилки в реченнях.

1)        Its activity attract the attention of many people.

2)        I looking forward to hearing from you soon.

3)        Which photos would you like to look?

VIII. Перекладіть речення на українську мову

1)       Primary schools are to be issued with guidelines on how to deal with drug abuse, amid warnings that solvent sniffing is rife among children as young as seven.

2)       Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Antoine Henri Barneveld. who noticed that uranium salts had a pronounced effect on photographic plates even through thin sheets of metal.

 

 

Варіант №10

І. Письмово перекладіть текст.

The Prosecution and the Defense in the USA

The prosecutor and the defense attorneys are the opponents in what is known as the adversary system. These two parties oppose each other in a hotly disputed contest-the criminal trial - in accordance with rules of law and procedure, in every criminal case, the state acts against and the defense attorney for the defendant before an important judge or jury, with each side trying to bring evidence and arguments forward to advance its case. The ultimate objective of the adversary system is to seek the truth, in this way determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant from the formal evidence presented at the trial. The prosecutor is the public official who represents the government and presents its case against the defendant who is charged with a violation of the criminal law. The prosecutor is a local attorney, whose area of jurisdictional responsibility is limited to a particular county or city. The prosecutor is responsible not only for charging the defendant with the crime but also for bringing the case to trial and to a final conclusion. The prosecutor also participates in bail hearings, presents cases before a grand jury, and appears for the state at arraignments. The defense attorney is responsible for providing legal defense representation to the defendant, this role involves 2 major functions: - protesting the constitutional rights of the accused, - presenting the best possible legal defense for the defendant.

The defendant attorney represents a client from initial arrest through the trial stage during the sentencing hearing and if needed, through the process of appeal. The defense attorney is also expected to enter into plea negotiations and obtain for the defendant the most suable bargain regarding type and length of sentence. Any person accused of crime can obtain the services of a private attorney if he or she can afford to do so. One of the most critical questions in the criminal justice system has been whether an indigent defendant has the right to counsel. The federal court system has long provided counsel to the indigent on the basis of the 6-th Amendment of the us Constitution, which gives the accused the right to have the assistance of defense counsel. Now more than a 1000 public defender agencies have been set up around the USA to provide free legal counsel to indigent defendants.

ІІ. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.

a)        What is the adversary system?

b)       What is the ultimate objective of the adversary system?

c)        What is a prosecutor?

d)       Can any parson obtain the services of a private attorney?

ІІІ. Перепешітъ дані речення в Passive voice.

a)        Our students read English articles every day.

b)        We are answering the questions on the new text.

c)        They will not have done all the work by 3 o'clock in the afternoon tomorrow.

d)        He has been reading it for two hours.

                     IV.Складіть речення з данними словами responsible, to represent, to enter, crime.

1. Визначіть в данних реченнях засову форму д1€слова:

a)         They had been working on it for two weeks.

b)         Had anyone been there before you?

c)         Your friend has been teaching mathematics at the university.

d)         By the paddle of the 19-th century about 60 chemical elements had been discovered.

VI. Складіть з даних слів речення.

1)\no\ accuser \ needs \ a \ conscience \ guilty \ 2)\ comes \ to \ everything \ waits \ him \ who \ 3) \ is \ done \ well \ half \ begun \