UNIT 7 THE POLICE SERVICE AND THE STATE

UNIT 7 THE POLICE SERVICE AND THE STATE 11.10.2016 08:18

UNIT 7 THE POLICE SERVICE AND THE STATE

   The Country. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the United Kingdom, a group of islands situated off the west coast of mainland Europe, north of France and divided from Belgium, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries by the North Sea.

   Scotland has an area of 78,750 square kilometres and a population of 4,9 million. It is in the northern part of the main island and has a police organisation similar to that of England and Wales had a different legal system.

   In area England, Wales and Northern Ireland total some 165,000 square kilometres and have a population of some 52 million. Eighty percent of the population lives in urban areas, with London alone having a population of over 7 million.

   There are 43 police forces in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 police officers. The police/population ratio is 1:448. The Metropolitan Police is responsible for the Greater London Area, and is the largest police force with more than 28,000 officers. The Royal Ulster Constabulary is responsible for Northern Ireland and has over 1 1.500 regular police officers.

   Additionally in England and Wales there are more than 53,000 civilian support staff employed by police forces together with some 4,500 tragic wardens.

   Control of police forces is based upon a tripartite relationship between central government, the local Police Authority and the chief officer of police.

   Police officers are not employees of the state or of local government. At the same time, like any other citizen, they are answerable to both the ordinary criminal and civil law. as well as to the police disciplinary procedures.

   The Home Secretary. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the effectiveness of police forces and has a range of powers. An important power is to determine annually the key operational objectives for police forces. These are published after consultation with representatives of both police authorities and chief officers of police.

   The functions of the Home Secretary include all training at recruit training senior officer training at regional centres and the National Staff College at Bramshill; the Police National Computer; the National Criminal Intelligence Service; and central research and planning units.

   Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary. A number of inspectors known as «Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary» (HMIC) assist the Home Secretary in the maintenance of efficiency and effectiveness. Currently there are seven such appointments together with Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Constabulary (HMCIC). The police forces are divided into five regions for inspectorate purposes and one of the HMIC's has specific responsibility for forces in a region.

   Inspections take the form of an annual performance review of each force with a full examination of the organisation and activity every three years. Her Majesty's Inspectors are particularly concerned with force strategic issues, quality of service, equal opportunities, structure and the management and organisation of crime investigation. All inspection reports are published publicly.

   The Police Authority. The Police Authority has a range of duties and responsibilities. It must secure the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force fur its area. It must determine local policing objectives set by the Home Secretary. Before the beginning of each financial year, the Authority must issue a costed plan setting out the proposed arrangements for policing the authority's area during the coming year («the local policing plan»). At the end of each financial year, the Police Authority must issue a report on the year's Police Authority appoints the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ranks.

   The Chief Constable. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force. The Chief Constable is the disciplinary authority for all ranks up to, and including, the superintending ranks.

   (Note: In the Metropolitan Police Service and the City of London Police, the term Chief Constable is not used. The most senior police officer is each of those two forces is titled Commissioner).

WORDS AND PHRASES

Legal - юридичний, пpaвoвий, зaконний

civilian - цивільний; гpомадянський

support - підтpимкa

support staff – дoпoміжний cклaд

traffic warden – cлyжбовeць дoрoжньої охорони

authority - влaдa

criminal law - кримінальнe nрaвo

to promote - cпpияти, підвищyвaти в чині або у званні

to maintain - підтримувати

objective - мeтa

recruit - рeкрyт, нoвoбpaнeць

the National Criminal Intelligence Service – Національна служба кpимінальної розвідки

appointment - призначення (нa пoсaду)

duty – oбов’зок

to secure - охоpоняти, зaбeзпeчувати

rank - звання

                  EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks:

1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the . . . .

2. Scotland has a ... similar to that of England and Wales but a different ... ... .

3. There are 43 ... ... in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 ... ... .

4. There are more than 53,000 civilian ... ... employed by police forces.

5. There are 4,500 ... ... in the police forces of England and Wales.

6. Police officers are answerable to the ... and ... law.

7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to ... and ... the effectiveness of police forces.

8. The Home Secretary has a power to determine annually the key operationa1 ... for the police forces.

9. The functions of the Home Secretary include all training at ... training centres.

10. The duties and responsibilities of the Police Authority are to ... the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force for its area.

11. The Police Authority ... the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ... .

EXERCISE 2 Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false:

1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are a group of islands situated off the east coast of mainland Europe.

2. Scotland has a police organisation and a legal system similar to those of England and Wales.

3. The Metropolitan Police is the largest police force with more than 28.000 officers.

4. There are more than 53,000 civilian support staff with some 4.500 traffic wardens.

5. Police officers are employees of the state and of local government.

6. Police officers are answerable only to the civil law.

7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces.

8. The functions of the Home Secretary are all training at recruit training centres, supervisory and senior officer training, the Police National Computer; the National Criminal Intelligence Service, etc.

9. The police forces are divided into ten regions for inspectorate purposes.

10. The duty of the Police Authority is to secure the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force for its area.

11. The Police Authority appoints the junior officers.

12. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force.

13. The Chief Constable is the disciplinary authority for chief officers only.

14. The most senior police officer in the Metropolitan Police Service and the City of London Police is the Chief Constable.

EXERCISE 3 Find words and expressions in the text which mean:

1. power or right to give orders and make others obey.

2. a new member of a society, group, etc, especially a soldier in the early days of his training;

3. distinct grade in the armed forces;

4. help to organise and start, give smb. a higher position or rank;

5. person not serving with the armed forces;

6. keep up, support;

7. position.

EXERCISE 4 Ask questions to get the following answers:

1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the United Kingdom, a group of islands situated off the west coast of mainland Europe.

2. Scotland has a police organisation similar to that of England and Wales but a different legal system.

3. There are 43 police forces in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 police officers.

4. The police I population ratio is 1 : 448.

5. The Metropolitan Police is the largest police force.

6. Police officers are not employees of the state or of local government.

7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces.

8. The Home Secretary determines annually the key operational objectives for the police forces.

9. The functions of the Home Secretary include all training a recruit training centres.

10. Inspections take place every three years.

11. Her Majesty's Inspectors examine quality of service, equal opportunities, the structure and management and organisation of crime investigations.

12. The Police Authority must determine local policing objectives.

13. The Police Authority appoints the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ranks.

14. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force.

EXERCISE 5 Answer the following questions:

1. What is the geographical position of England, Wales and Northern Ireland?

2. Is the police organisation of Scotland similar to that of England and Wales?

3. How many police forces are there in England and Wales?

4. What is the police/population ratio?

5. What is the largest police force?

6. Are police officers employees of the state?

7. What responsibility has the Home Secretary?

8. What are the functions of the Home Secretary?

9. What are the duties of Her Majesty’s Inspectors?

10. What responsibilities has the Police Authority?

11. Who is the disciplinary authority for all ranks?

EXERCISE 6 Complete the following text by translating the words and expressions in brackets.

   Britain has no national police force. Instead there is a seperate (поліцейське упрaвління) for each of 43 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police (влaдa) - a committee of local county councillors and magistrates. The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force to operate in another's area unless they are asked to give assistance. This sometimes happens when there has been a very serious (3noqwH). For historical reasons the (Мініcтр внутрішніх cпpaв) is responsible for London's Metropolitan Police Force. (Кoрoлівcькa Ольcтeрcькa пoліція) is responsible for Northern Ireland. Like the army, there are a number of (3Ballb): after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant Chief Constable. Chief Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable. The police are helped by a number of Special Constables - members of the (громaдcькості) who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week.

EXERCISE 7 Study the Police Ranks in Britain and comparethem with those in Ukraine.

                                  POLICE RANKS

METROPOLITAN POLICE   CITY OF LONDON   ROYAL ULSTER CONSTABULARY   OTHER FORCES

Commissioner          Commissioner     Chief Constable             Chief

 

Deputy Commissioner

 

Assistant             Assistant               Deputy

Commissioners         Commissioner        Chief Constables

 

Deputy Assistant

Commissioners

 

Commanders            Commander               Assistant            Assistant

                                          Chief Constables      Chief Constables

Superintendent

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Chief inspector

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Inspector

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Sergeant

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Constables

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Notes: 1) All chief officers are equal in law. Equivalence between other ranks is variable.

2) Numbers of officers in each rank vary: 75% 80% of all UK officers are constables.

3) The ranks of Deputy Chief Constable and Chief Superintendent, were abolished     with effect from 1.4.95

HAVE A REST

     NOT SO STUPID

   A man engaged in a lawsuit suggested to his lawyer that it might be a good idea to send a present to the judge who was going to try the case. His lawyer warned him that the judge was quite honest, and that if he did any such thing he would only prejudice the judge against him.

   During the trial the lawyer noticed that the judge seemed to favour his client in whose favour judgement was in the end given. The man afterwards told his lawyer that he had sent a rich present to the judge.

   «But you can't have done so», said the lawyer.

   «Oh yes I did», replied the man, «but remembering your advice, I sent it in my opponent's name».

DISTRUST IN LAWYERS

   «Have you got a lawyer?» asked the judge of a young man brought before him.

   «No, your honour», was the answer.

   «Well, don't you think you had better have one?» asked the judge.

   «No, your honour», answered the young man. «I don't need one, I am going to tell the truth».

A WISE JUDGE

   Two brothers once lived together. They worked on their father’s farm. They were very honest and got along together very well. One day their father died leaving his property to his two sons. In his last will he told them to divide the property between them.

   But the brothers could not agree now. Each wanted to have the better part for himself. After some time they did not even speak to each other. At last they went to a judge who was very wise.

   The judge listened to them carefully and then he said.

«The matter is very simple. We shall divide the property in this way. One of you will divide it in the way he thinks is best and the other one will then have the right to choose whichever of the two parts be prefers».

   In this day the case was settled.

In the first case of its kind, two men have been jailed for distributing child pornography on the Internet. A 26-year old computer expert, Alban Fellows, ran a porn library and was supplied with some of his material by co-defendant Stephen Arnold. Both were charged. Fellows was jailed for three years and Arnold for six months.

A Force campaign against knife violence in Glasgow has started this year. All City centre shops which stock special knives have agreed to adopt a voluntary code of practice requiring knife buyers to show proof of identity, and to ban knife sales to under - 16s without a responsible adult. The purpose of the campaign is to prevent the wrong type of people getting hold of the knives.

Russian-speaking criminals have invested heavily in the British property market and forged links with some criminals here. Billions of dollars are believed to have been laundered around the world by the criminals, especially from Russia.